A Primer on Memory Consistency and Cache Coherence, 2/e (Paperback)

Nagarajan, Vijay, Sorin, Daniel J., Hill, Mark D.

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商品描述

Many modern computer systems, including homogeneous and heterogeneous architectures, support shared memory in hardware.

In a shared memory system, each of the processor cores may read and write to a single shared address space. For a shared memory machine, the memory consistency model defines the architecturally visible behavior of its memory system. Consistency definitions provide rules about loads and stores (or memory reads and writes) and how they act upon memory. As part of supporting a memory consistency model, many machines also provide cache coherence protocols that ensure that multiple cached copies of data are kept up-to-date. The goal of this primer is to provide readers with a basic understanding of consistency and coherence. This understanding includes both the issues that must be solved as well as a variety of solutions. We present both high-level concepts as well as specific, concrete examples from real-world systems.

This second edition reflects a decade of advancements since the first edition and includes, among other more modest changes, two new chapters: one on consistency and coherence for non-CPU accelerators (with a focus on GPUs) and one that points to formal work and tools on consistency and coherence.

商品描述(中文翻譯)

現代許多電腦系統,包括同質和異質架構,都在硬體上支援共享記憶體。

在共享記憶體系統中,每個處理器核心可以讀寫單一的共享位址空間。對於共享記憶體機器來說,記憶體一致性模型定義了其記憶體系統的架構可見行為。一致性定義提供了有關載入和儲存(或記憶體讀取和寫入)以及它們對記憶體的作用的規則。作為支援記憶體一致性模型的一部分,許多機器還提供快取一致性協議,以確保多個快取的資料副本保持最新。本文旨在為讀者提供對一致性和一致性的基本理解。這種理解包括必須解決的問題以及各種解決方案。我們提供高層次的概念以及來自現實世界系統的具體實例。

這本第二版反映了自第一版以來十年的進展,包括兩個新章節:一個關於非CPU加速器(重點放在GPU上)的一致性和一致性,以及一個指向關於一致性和一致性的正式工作和工具的章節。