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"If you are a Unix/Linux user and wish to learn Perl, I recommend this book."
-- George Wooley, Camelot.pm and Oakland.pm"This book is not perl tapas. It is a survival tool."
-- William M. Julien, HPC Unix Performance Analyst, Fortune 100 Company"No-nonsense and practical, yet with wit and charm. A joy to read."
-- Dan Sanderson, Software Developer"Shows style, not just facts, valuable."
-- Brian Downs, former Training Director, Lucent Technologies"Brilliant, never tedious, highly recommended!"
-- Jon Allen, Maintainer of perldoc.perl.org"You could have chosen no better primer than this book."
-- Damian Conway, from the ForewordPerl is a complex language that can be difficult to master. Perl advocates boast that "There's More Than One Way To Do It", but do you really want to learn several ways of saying the same thing to a computer?
To make Perl more accessible, Dr. Tim Maher has over the years designed and taught an essential subset of the language that is smaller, yet practical and powerful. With this engaging book you can now benefit from "Minimal Perl", even if all you know about Unix is grep.
You will learn how to write simple Perl commands (many just one-liners) that go far beyond the limitations of Unix utilities, and those of Linux, MacOS/X, etc. And you雍l acquire the more advanced Perl skills used in scripts by capitalizing on your knowledge of related Shell resources. Sprinkled throughout are many Unix-specific Perl tips.
This book is especially suitable for system administrators, webmasters, and software developers.
Table of Contents
foreword
preface
acknowledgments
about this book
about the cover illustration
list of tables
Minimal Perl: for UNIX and Linux Users
- 1 Introducing Minimal Perl
- A visit to Perlistan
- Sometimes you need a professional guide
- Perl can be simple
- About Minimal Perl
- What Minimal Perl isn't, What Minimal Perl is
- Laziness is a virtue
- A minimal dose of syntax
- Terminating statements with semicolons
- Writing one-line programs
- Balancing simplicity and readability, Implementing simple filters
- Summary
- 2 Perl essentials
- Perl's invocation options
- One-line programming: -e, Enabling warnings: -w, Processing input: -n, Processing input with automatic printing: -p, Processing line-endings: -l, Printing without newlines: printf, Changing the input record separator: -0digits
- Using variables
- Using special variables, Using the data variable: $_, Using the record-number variable: $., Employing user-defined variables
- Loading modules -M
- Writing simple scripts
- Quoting techniques, True and False values, Handling switches: -s, Using warn and die, Using logical and, logical or, Programming with BEGINand END blocks, Loading modules with use
- Additional special variables
- Employing I/O variables, Exploiting formatting variables
- Standard option clusters
- Using aliases for common types of Perl commands
- Constructing programs
- Constructing an output-only one-liner, Constructing an input/output script
- Summary
- Directions for further study
- 3 Perl as a (better) grep command
- A brief history of grep
- Shortcomings of grep
- Uncertain support for metacharacters, Lack of string escapes for control characters, Comparing capabilities of greppers and Perl
- Working with the matching operator
- The one-line Perl grepper
- Understanding Perl's regex notation
- Perl as a better fgrep
- Displaying the match only, using $&
- Displaying unmatched records (like grep -v), Validating data, Minimizing typing with shortcut metacharacters
- Displaying filenames only (like grep -l)
- Using matching modifiers
- Ignoring case (like grep -i)
- Perl as a better egrep
- Working with cascading filters
- Matching in context
- Paragraph mode, File mode
- Spanning lines with regexes
- Matching across lines, Using lwp-request, Filtering lwp-request output
- Additional examples
- Log-file analysis, A scripted grepper, Fuzzy matching, Web scraping
- Summary
- Directions for further study
- 4 Perl as a (better) sed command
- A brief history of sed
- Shortcomings of sed
- Performing substitutions
- Performing line-specific substitutions: sed, Performing line-specific substitutions: Perl, Performing record-specific substitutions: Perl, Using backreferences and numbered variables in substitutions
- Printing lines by number
- Printing lines by number: sed, Printing lines by number: Perl, Printing records by number: Perl
- Modifying templates
- Converting special characters
- Editing files
- Editing with commands, Editing with scripts, Safeguarding in-place editing
- Converting to lowercase or uppercase
- Quieting spam
- Substitutions with computed replacements
- Converting miles to kilometers, Substitutions using function results
- The sed to Perl translator
- Summary
- Directions for further study
- 5 Perl as a (better) awk command
- A brief history of AWK
- Comparing basic features of awk and Perl
- Pattern-matching capabilities, Special variables, Perl's variable interpolation, Other advantages of Perl over AWK, Summary of differences in basic features
- Processing fields
- Accessing fields, Printing fields, Differences in syntax for print, Using custom field separators in Perl
- Programming with Patterns and Actions
- Combining pattern matching with field processing, Extracting data from tables, Accessing cell data using array indexing
- Matching ranges of records
- Operators for single- and multi-record ranges, Matching a range of dates, Matching multiple ranges
- Using relational and arithmetic operators
- Relational operators, Arithmetic operators
- Using built-in functions
- One-liners that use functions, The legend of nexpr, How the nexpr* programs work
- Additional examples
- Computing compound interest: compound_interest, Conditionally pluralizing nouns: compound_interest2, Analyzing log files: scan4oops
- Using the AWK-to-Perl translator: a2p
- Tips on using a2p
- Summary
- Directions for further study
- 6 Perl as a (better) find command
- Introducing hybrid find / perl programs
- File testing capabilities of find vs. Perl
- Augmenting find with Perl
- Finding files
- Finding files by name matching, Finding files by pathname matching
- Processing filename arguments
- Defending against grep's messes, Recursive grepping, Perl as a generalized argument pre-processor
- Using find | xargs vs. Perl alternatives
- Using Perl for reliable timestamp sorting, Dealing with multi-word filenames
- find as an argument pre-processor for Perl
- A Unix-like, OS-portable find command
- Making the most of find2perl, Helping non-Unix friends with find2perl
- Summary
- Directions for further study
Part 2 Minimal Perl: for UNIX and Linux Shell Programmers
- 7 Built-in functions
- Understanding and managing evaluation context
- Determinants and effects of evaluation context, Making use of evaluation context
- Programming with functions that generate or process scalars
- Using split, Using localtime, Using stat, Using chomp, Using rand
- Programming with functions that process lists
- Comparing Unix pipelines and Perl functions , Using sort, Using grep, Using join, Using map
- Globbing for filenames
- Tips on globbing
- Managing files with functions
- Handling multi-valued return codes
- Parenthesizing function arguments
- Controlling argument-gobbling functions
- Summary
- Directions for further study
- 8 Scripting techniques
- Exploiting script-oriented functions
- Defining defined, Exiting with exit, Shifting with shift
- Pre-processing arguments
- Accommodating non-filename arguments with implicit loops, Filtering arguments, Generating arguments
- Executing code conditionally with if/else
- Employing if/else vs. and/or, Mixing branching techniques: The cd_report script, Tips on using if/else
- Wrangling strings with concatenation and repetition operators
- Enhancing the most_recent_file script, Using concatenation and repetition operators together, Tips on using the concatenation operator
- Interpolating command output into source code
- Using the tput command, Grepping recursively: The rgrep script, Tips on using command interpolation
- Executing OS commands using system
- Generating reports, Tips on using system
- Evaluating code using eval
- Using a Perl shell: The psh script, Appreciating a multi-faceted Perl grepper: The preg script
- Summary
- Directions for further study
- 9 List variables
- Using array variables
- Initializing arrays with piecemeal assignments and push, Understanding advanced array indexing, Extracting fields in a friendlier fashion, Telling fortunes: The fcookie script, Tips on using arrays
- Using hash variables
- Initializing hashes, Understanding advanced hash indexing, Understanding the built-in %ENV hash, Printing hashes, Using %ENV in place of switches, Obtaining uniqueness with hashes, Employing a hash as a simple database: The user_lookup script, Counting word frequencies in web pages: The count_words script
- Comparing list generators in the Shell and Perl
- Filename generation/globbing, Command substitution/interpolation, Variable substitution/interpolation
- Summary
- Directions for further study
- 10 Looping facilities
- Looping facilities in the Shell and Perl
- Looping with while / until
- Totaling numeric arguments, Reducing the size of an image, Printing key/value pairs from a hash using each, Understanding the implicit loop
- Looping with do while / until
- Prompting for input
- Looping with foreach
- Unlinking files: the rm_files script, Reading a line at a time, Printing a hash, Demystifying acronyms: The expand_acronyms script, Reducing image sizes: The compress_image2 script
- Looping with for
- Exploiting for's support for indexing: the raffle script
- Using loop-control directives
- Nesting loops within loops, Enabling loop-control directives in bottom-tested loops, Prompting for input, Enhancing loops with continue blocks: the confirmation script
- The CPAN's select loop for Perl
- Avoiding the re-invention of the "choose-from-a-menu" wheel, Monitoring user activity: the show_user script, Browsing man pages: the perlman script
- Summary
- Directions for further study
- 11 Subroutines and variable scoping
- Compartmentalizing code with subroutines
- Defining and using subroutines, Understanding use strict
- Common problems with variables
- Clobbering variables: The phone_home script, Masking variables: The 4letter_word script, Tips on avoiding problems with variables
- Controlling variable scoping
- Declaring variables with my , Declaring variables with our , Declaring variables with local, Introducing the Variable Scoping Guidelines
- Variable Scoping Guidelines for complex programs
- Enable use strict, Declare user-defined variables and define their scopes, Pass data to subroutines using arguments, Localize temporary changes to built-in variables with local, Employ user-defined loop variables ,Applying the Guidelines: the phone_home2 script
- Reusing a subroutine
- Summary
- Directions for further study
- 12 Modules and the CPAN
- Creating modules
- Using the Simple Module Template, Creating a module: Center.pm, Testing a new module
- Managing modules
- Identifying the modules that you want, Determining whether you have a certain module, Installing modules from the CPAN
- Using modules
- Business::UPS-the ups_shipping_price script, LWP::Simple-the check_links script, Shell::POSIX::Select-the menu_ls script, File::Find-the check_symlinks script, CGI-the survey.cgi script, Tips on using Object-Oriented modules
- Summary
- Directions for further study
epilogue 426
appendix A: Perl special variables cheatsheet 427
appendix B: Guidelines for parenthesizing code 430
glossary 432
index 443
商品描述(中文翻譯)
「簡明 Perl:針對 Unix 和 Linux 使用者」的描述
如果你是一位 Unix/Linux 使用者,並且希望學習 Perl,我推薦這本書。- George Wooley, Camelot.pm 和 Oakland.pm
這本書不是 Perl tapas,而是一個生存工具。- William M. Julien, HPC Unix Performance Analyst, Fortune 100 公司
直接實用,又帶有風趣和魅力。非常愉快的閱讀體驗。- Dan Sanderson, 軟體開發者
展示風格,不僅僅是事實,非常有價值。- Brian Downs, 前培訓總監, Lucent Technologies
聰明、不冗長,強烈推薦!- Jon Allen, perldoc.perl.org 的維護者
你選擇這本書作為入門書再好不過了。- Damian Conway, 前言中的話
Perl 是一種複雜的語言,很難掌握。Perl 的支持者自誇「有多種方法可以做到」,但你真的想學習幾種不同的方式來告訴電腦同一件事嗎?
為了讓 Perl 更易於理解,多年來,Tim Maher 博士設計並教授了這門語言的一個基本子集,它更小、實用且強大。通過這本引人入勝的書,即使你對 Unix 的了解僅限於 grep,你現在也可以從「簡明 Perl」中受益。
你將學習如何編寫簡單的 Perl 命令(許多只是一行命令),這些命令超越了 Unix 工具和 Linux、MacOS/X 等的限制。並且,你將利用你對相關 Shell 資源的知識,獲得在腳本中使用的更高級 Perl 技巧。書中還穿插了許多 Unix 特定的 Perl 提示。
這本書特別適合系統管理員、網站管理員和軟體開發者。
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簡明 Perl:針對 Unix 和 Linux 使用者