Visual Heritage: Digital Approaches in Heritage Science

How we understand our shared and individual heritage, interpret and disseminate that knowledge is increasingly central to contemporary society. The emerging context for such development is the field of heritage science. Inherently interdisciplinary, and involving both the Arts and Humanities, engineering, conservation and the digital sciences, the development of heritage science is a driver for change; socially, economically and technically. This book has gathered contributions from leading researchers from across the world and provides a series of themed contributions demonstrating the theoretical, ethical, methodological and technical methods which lie at the heart of heritage science. Archaeology, conservation, museology, the arts, forensic sciences, and heritage management are represented through collaborative research with specialists in applied technologies including object and terrestrial laser scanning, multi-spectral imaging, visualisation, GIS and 3D-printing. Together, the chapters present important case studies to demonstrate the recent advances and best practise within the discipline, highlighting the value of digital transformation across the heritage community that includes objects, monuments, sites and landscapes spanning two million years of natural and cultural history from all over the world.

Visual Heritage: Digital Approaches in Heritage Science is aimed at a broad academic and practice-led readership, which extends across many disciplines and will be of considerable value to scholars, practitioners, and students working within heritage and computer science at all levels. The content, which applies heritage science across two million years of cultural history will be appreciated by a general audience, as well as those wishing simply to explore the vast range of potential technical applications across all the disciplines represented in the book.

我們如何理解我們共同和個人的遺產，以及如何解釋和傳播這些知識，這在當代社會中變得越來越重要。這種發展的新背景是遺產科學領域。遺產科學本質上是跨學科的，涉及藝術與人文學科、工程學、保護學和數字科學，其發展是社會、經濟和技術變革的推動者。本書匯集了來自世界各地領先研究人員的貢獻，提供了一系列主題性的論文，展示了遺產科學核心的理論、倫理、方法論和技術方法。考古學、保護學、博物館學、藝術、法醫科學和遺產管理等領域通過與應用技術專家的合作研究得到了代表，包括物體和地面激光掃描、多光譜成像、可視化、地理信息系統和3D打印等技術。這些章節共同呈現了重要的案例研究，展示了該學科內的最新進展和最佳實踐，突出了數字轉型在遺產社區中的價值，包括來自世界各地兩百萬年的自然和文化歷史的物體、紀念碑、遺址和景觀。

《視覺遺產：遺產科學中的數字方法》面向廣泛的學術和實踐讀者，涵蓋多個學科領域，對於在各個層次上從事遺產和計算機科學工作的學者、從業人員和學生都具有相當的價值。這本書的內容適用於兩百萬年文化歷史的遺產科學，不僅受到一般讀者的喜愛，也受到那些希望探索書中所代表的各個學科領域潛在技術應用的人們的喜愛。

Professor Eugene Ch'ng graduated with a best PhD from the Electronics, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at the University of Birmingham in 2007. He has 20 years of interdisciplinary research experience, with formal training in art and design, design for the built environment, computational sciences, and humanities and social sciences research. He is founding director for both the NVIDIA Joint-Lab on Mixed Reality and the Digital Heritage Centre, both at the University of Nottingham's China campus. Professor Ch'ng's research focuses on VR and Mixed Reality. He is editor in chief for PRESENCE: Virtual and Augmented Reality MIT Press, the longest established journal on VR research. He has authored over 120 publications and has led international grant-funded research which establishes cross-cultural and interdisciplinary collaboration, pioneering the development and adoption of digital technologies across all areas and activities within the cultural heritage domain.

Henry Chapman is Professor of Archaeology at the University of Birmingham. Following an undergraduate degree in Archaeology at the University of Exeter, he moved to the Royal Commission on Historical Monuments of England. Based within their Exeter office, he worked as an archaeological landscape investigator before moving to the University of Hull as a member of the English Heritage funded Humber Wetlands Project, and undertaking a PhD focusing on the application of GIS in landscape archaeology at the same time. Henry subsequently working on various other wetland archaeology projects at the University of Hull, before moving to Birmingham, initially as part of "Visual and Spatial Technology Centre" (Vista). He was a founding director of the Digital Humanities Hub, before becoming a lecturer. With a primary focus on later prehistory and wetland archaeology, and applied digital technologies, his research centres on the use of GIS, technical survey, and other digital technologies for the study of the past.

Professor Vincent Gaffney is Anniversary Chair in Landscape Archaeology at the Department of Archaeological Sciences at the University of Bradford. His undergraduate degree was taken at the University of Reading, and, following fieldwork at Stonehenge and on the Berkshire Downs, he spent a number of years in museums. Deciding to study for a PhD at Reading he moved to former Yugoslavia, was based in Ljubljana (Slovenia), but worked on the island of Hvar in Croatia. On returning to Britain, he worked at the University of Birmingham before moving to the University of Bradford. His research has included studies of Roman urbanisation at Wroxeter, survey of Diocletian's Mausoleum, the wetland landscape of the river Cetina (Croatia), fieldwork in Italy and historic landscape characterisation at Fort Hood (Texas). An early adopter of GIS in archaeology, and an advocate of digital applications in heritage research, he founded the "Visual and Spatial Technology Centre" (Vista) at Birmingham, and is now part of the "Visualising Heritage" team at Bradford. He leads the UK team within the UK/LBI_ArchPro "Stonehenge Hidden Landscapes" project, and is Principal Investigator on the ERC Advanced Grant project 'Europe's Lost Frontiers'.

Professor Andrew S. Wilson, MCIfA, FHEA is an Archaeologist and Heritage Scientist with wide-ranging research interests in Digital Heritage, Human Bioarchaeology, Conservation, Taphonomy, and Forensic Archaeology. He is based in the School of Archaeological & Forensic Sciences at the University of Bradford. He trained in Conservation at UCL Institute of Archaeology and in Human Bioarchaeology at Sheffield and Bradford. He has worked for the Smithsonian Institution, Wiltshire County Council Conservation Service and in commercial archaeology. Awards include Museums & Galleries Commission National Conservation Award (1999); World's Archaeological Research Awards (2017); and ALT Learning Technologist of the Year Research Award (2020 - Highly Commended); His research has featured in major interdisciplinary publications including Nature, Science, PNAS, Current Biology, Nature Scientific Reports, PLoSONE. He is Member of the Editorial Board for the Journal of World Prehistory and a member of the Forensic Archaeology Expert Panel for CIfA. He Co-Directs Visualising Heritage with varied imaging and visualisation capabilities at the University of Bradford and has led landmark Digital Heritage projects with research funding from sources including AHRC, Jisc, GCRF, British Academy, HEIF, The Wellcome Trust, Research England, Historic Environment Scotland, Shetland Amenity Trust, HS2 and City of Bradford Metropolitan District Council.

尤金·鄭教授於2007年畢業於英國伯明翰大學的電子、電氣和計算機工程系，獲得最佳博士學位。他擁有20年的跨學科研究經驗，接受過藝術和設計、建築環境設計、計算科學以及人文和社會科學研究的正式培訓。他是諾丁漢大學中國校區NVIDIA混合現實聯合實驗室和數字遺產中心的創始主任。鄭教授的研究重點是虛擬現實和混合現實。他是《PRESENCE: Virtual and Augmented Reality MIT Press》的主編，該期刊是虛擬現實研究領域歷史最悠久的期刊。他已發表了120多篇論文，並帶領國際資助的研究項目，建立了跨文化和跨學科的合作，開創了在文化遺產領域中數字技術在各個領域和活動中的應用和採用。

亨利·查普曼是伯明翰大學的考古學教授。他在埃克塞特大學獲得考古學學士學位後，轉到英格蘭歷史遺產皇家委員會。在他們埃克塞特辦事處工作期間，他擔任考古景觀調查員，後來轉到赫爾大學，成為英國歷史遺產資助的亨伯濕地項目的一員，同時攻讀應用地理信息系統在景觀考古學中的應用的博士學位。亨利隨後在赫爾大學從事其他濕地考古學項目的研究，然後轉到伯明翰大學，最初是作為“視覺和空間技術中心”（Vista）的一部分。他是數字人文中心的創始主任，後來成為講師。他的研究主要集中在後史前和濕地考古學，以及應用數字技術，他的研究重點是使用地理信息系統、技術測量和其他數字技術研究過去。

文森特·蓋夫尼教授是布拉德福德大學考古科學系景觀考古學紀念主席。他在雷丁大學獲得學士學位，之後在斯通亨奇和伯克郡山地進行田野工作，並在博物館工作了幾年。他決定在雷丁攻讀博士學位，並前往前南斯拉夫，在斯洛文尼亞的盧布爾雅那定居，但在克羅地亞的赫瓦爾島工作。回到英國後，他在伯明翰大學工作，然後轉到布拉德福德大學。他的研究包括在羅馬城市化、迦太基安陵墓的測量、克羅地亞切蒂納河濕地景觀的研究、在意大利的田野工作以及在德克薩斯州胡德堡的歷史景觀特徵化。作為考古學中GIS的早期採用者和遺產研究中數字應用的倡導者，他在伯明翰創立了“視覺和空間技術中心”（Vista），現在是布拉德福德大學“視覺遺產”團隊的一員。他領導了英國/ LBI_ArchPro“巨石陣隱藏景觀”項目的英國團隊，並擔任ERC高級研究獎項“歐洲失落的邊疆”項目的首席研究員。

安德魯·S·威爾遜教授是布拉德福德大學考古與法醫科學學院的考古學家和遺產科學家，他在數字遺產、人類生物考古學、保護、埋葬學和法醫考古學等廣泛的研究領域具有廣泛的研究興趣。他接受了倫敦大學學院考古學研究所的保護培訓和謝菲爾德和布拉德福德的人類生物考古學培訓。他曾在史密森尼學會、威爾特郡議會保護服務和商業考古學領域工作。他獲得的獎項包括博物館和畫廊委員會國家保護獎（1999年）、世界考古研究獎（2017年）和ALT學習技術專家獎