商品描述
In the contemporary technology landscape dominated by digital-centric systems and applications, the significance of analog front-end signal processing remains indispensable. The precision and performance of critical analog, mixed-signal or mm-wave components such as low-noise amplifiers, equalizers, and data converters are fundamentally determined by technological parameters, such as transconductance, DC gain, device matching, linearity, and timing accuracy, among others. Enhancing these parameters through intrinsic design improvements presents a significant challenge and becomes infeasible beyond certain limits with state-of-the-art circuit design techniques. As the performance of CMOS transistors is fundamentally constrained, foreground or background calibration schemes are commonly employed to mitigate the limitations of MOS devices. However, these constraints can be effectively addressed through the implementation of active and passive bulk-driven circuits enabled by silicon-on-insulator (SOI) CMOS technologies. Fully-Depleted Silicon-on-Insulator (FD-SOI) CMOS technologies offer superior transistor characteristics compared to standard bulk CMOS technology, providing enhanced electrical performance, improved power efficiency, and better scalability. This book offers a comprehensive analysis of FD-SOI CMOS technology, presenting key innovations in design methodologies and circuit implementations adopting bulk-biasing techniques across analog, digital, mixed-signal, and mmWave circuits and systems. It addresses critical transistor limitations, including finite transistor gain, offset, mismatch, noise and linearity, among others.
The authors provide detailed technical insights, mathematical modelling, design approaches and circuit realizations covering circuit advances using both static and dynamic transistor body-biasing techniques. Emphasis is placed on overcoming state-of-the-art circuit limitations such as finite DC gain, bandwidth, matching/accuracy and power efficiency. These performance metrics are rigorously investigated through mathematical modelling, validated through simulation and experimentally demonstrated using both dynamic and static body-biasing architectures.
商品描述(中文翻譯)
在當前以數位為中心的系統和應用主導的技術環境中，類比前端信號處理的重要性仍然不可或缺。關鍵的類比、混合信號或毫米波元件（如低噪聲放大器、均衡器和數據轉換器）的精度和性能，基本上由技術參數決定，例如跨導、直流增益、元件匹配、線性度和定時精度等。
通過內在設計改進來提升這些參數是一項重大挑戰，並且在最先進的電路設計技術下，超過某些限制後變得不可行。由於CMOS晶體管的性能受到根本性限制，通常會採用前景或背景校準方案來減輕MOS元件的限制。然而，這些限制可以通過實施由絕緣體上矽（SOI）CMOS技術所啟用的主動和被動大面積驅動電路來有效解決。完全耗盡絕緣體上矽（FD-SOI）CMOS技術相比於標準大面積CMOS技術提供了更優越的晶體管特性，提供了增強的電氣性能、改善的能效和更好的可擴展性。
本書對FD-SOI CMOS技術進行了全面分析，呈現了在類比、數位、混合信號和毫米波電路及系統中採用大偏壓技術的設計方法和電路實現的關鍵創新。它針對關鍵的晶體管限制進行探討，包括有限的晶體管增益、偏移、匹配、噪聲和線性度等。
作者提供了詳細的技術見解、數學建模、設計方法和電路實現，涵蓋了使用靜態和動態晶體管體偏壓技術的電路進展。重點放在克服最先進電路的限制，如有限的直流增益、帶寬、匹配/精度和能效。這些性能指標通過數學建模進行嚴格調查，並通過模擬驗證，使用動態和靜態體偏壓架構進行實驗演示。
作者簡介
Friedel Gerfers (Senior Member, IEEE) received the Dr.-Ing. degree from the University of Freiburg, Germany, in 2005. He has gained his first industrial R&D experience at Philips Semiconductor, Starnberg, Germany. In 2006, he joined Intel Research, Santa Clara, USA, as a Post-Doctoral Research Fellow, working on new types of piezoelectric MEMS sensors and their readout circuits. His entrepreneurial spirit led him from 2007 to 2011 to the start-up companies Aquantia and Alvand Technologies, USA. In the role of a technical director, he led the mixed-signal departments, which were crucial for the successful market positioning of these companies in the field of high-speed data transmission systems that operate close to the Shannon limit. In 2009, he founded the technology startup, NiederRhein Technologies, Mountain View, USA. More recently, he was responsible for the worldwide development of high-precision data-converters for Integrated Device Technology (IDT), San José, USA. The team was later in 2014 acquired by Apple Inc., Cupertino, CA, USA. Since 2015, he has been a full professor at the Technische Universität Berlin, Germany, where he is currently the director and head of the "Mixed Signal Circuit Design (MSC)" chair. In 2018, he co-founded IC4X GmbH, Berlin, which specializes in the development of high-performance analog and mixed-signal circuits and systems. In recognition of these achievements in his field, he was awarded in 2019 the Einstein-Professorship for Mixed Signal Circuit Design from the Einstein Foundation. He is currently a member of the Scientific Advisory Board of the Leibniz Institutes - Innovations for High Performance Microelectronics (IHP) and the Ferdinand Braun Institute (FBH), and of the Research Fab Microelectronics Germany (FMD). He is co-author of the book "Continuous-Time Sigma-Delta A/D Conversion, Fundamentals, Error Correction and Robust Implementations". In addition, Dr. Gerfers has authored or co-authored several other book chapters and holds more than 18 patents.
His current research interests include energy-efficient mixed-signal integrated circuit design, self-correcting and reconfigurable analog circuits, and high-speed and high-performance data converters for wireless, wireline and optical communications systems. Dr. Gerfers is currently a member of the Technical Program Committee of the IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference (CICC), the IEEE European Solid-State Devices and Circuits Conference (ESSERC), the European Microwave Week (EUMW), and the Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC). He was a guest editor of the IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits (JSSC) in 2021.
作者簡介(中文翻譯)
Friedel Gerfers（IEEE 高級會員）於2005年獲得德國弗賴堡大學的博士工程學位。他在德國斯塔恩貝格的飛利浦半導體公司獲得了第一份工業研發經驗。2006年，他加入美國聖克拉拉的英特爾研究所，擔任博士後研究員，專注於新型壓電微機電系統（MEMS）傳感器及其讀取電路。他的創業精神使他在2007年至2011年間進入美國的初創公司Aquantia和Alvand Technologies。在技術總監的角色中，他領導了混合信號部門，這對於這些公司在接近香農極限的高速數據傳輸系統領域的成功市場定位至關重要。
2009年，他創立了位於美國山景城的科技初創公司NiederRhein Technologies。最近，他負責美國聖荷西的集成設備技術公司（IDT）全球高精度數據轉換器的開發。該團隊於2014年被美國庫比蒂諾的蘋果公司收購。
自2015年以來，他一直是德國柏林工業大學的全職教授，目前擔任「混合信號電路設計（MSC）」講座的主任和負責人。2018年，他共同創立了位於柏林的IC4X GmbH，專注於高性能模擬和混合信號電路及系統的開發。
因其在該領域的成就，他於2019年獲得愛因斯坦基金會頒發的混合信號電路設計愛因斯坦教授獎。他目前是萊布尼茨研究所 - 高性能微電子創新（IHP）和費迪南德·布勞恩研究所（FBH）的科學諮詢委員會成員，以及德國微電子研究工廠（FMD）的成員。
他是《連續時間Sigma-Delta A/D轉換：基本原理、錯誤修正和穩健實現》一書的共同作者。此外，Gerfers博士還撰寫或共同撰寫了幾個其他書章，並擁有超過18項專利。
他目前的研究興趣包括節能的混合信號集成電路設計、自我修正和可重構的模擬電路，以及用於無線、有線和光通信系統的高速高性能數據轉換器。Gerfers博士目前是IEEE定制集成電路會議（CICC）、IEEE歐洲固態器件與電路會議（ESSERC）、歐洲微波週（EUMW）和光纖通信會議（OFC）的技術程序委員會成員。他於2021年擔任IEEE固態電路期刊（JSSC）的客座編輯。
