Outsmarting Risks in Public and Private Organizations
暫譯: 在公私部門中智慧應對風險

健康危機、地緣政治問題、網路攻擊、大辭職潮……風險比以往任何時候都更加顯著，並以各種形式出現，企業試圖控制和解釋這些風險以避免破產。然而，迄今為止所使用的方法和技術已被證明相當無效。如何識別風險？應遵循哪些框架？如何評估風險？誰應負責風險管理？這一學科在企業中應該佔有什麼重要性？

本書通過聚焦五個關鍵誤解，探討這些常見的方法論，突顯其局限性，並提供實際的線索，以便所有風險和危機專業人士，以及組織及其生態系統，能夠真正抵禦風險。風險管理逐漸融入企業管理，但在不確定性和不可預測性的時代，只有共享的風險文化才能應對這一戰略挑戰。

Raphaël De Vittoris is Associate Professor of Strategy, Organization, Crisis and Risk Management at Clermont School of Business (France), and researcher at the Clermont Research-Management (CLERMA), specializing in geopolitics and behavioral analysis in crisis contexts. With over a decade of research, he focuses on decision-making under uncertainty, organizational resilience, and risk anticipation, emphasizing cognitive biases and group dynamics in critical situations. His PhD in Management Sciences, under Prof. Sophie Cros, dealt with crisis cell management performance at Michelin Group, shaping his work on sensemaking and decision-making quality. His research, published in academic journals and his three books, explores the intersections of crisis management, resilience, and antifragility, with a focus on the psycho-cognitive aspects of decision-making under uncertainty. Alongside his academic career, he has held key corporate roles, including Group Risk & Crisis Director at Symbio (2023-2025) and Group Crisis Management Director at Michelin (2015-2023). These hands-on experiences inform his reflections on bridging theory and practice, and the importance of contextual adaptation in risk and crisis management. His recent work emphasizes pedagogical innovation (serious games, simulations) and personality traits analysis in crisis teams.

Sophie Cros is Professor of Management Sciences specializing in Public Management at the Sorbonne School of Management at Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne University, and a researcher at the PRISM-Sorbonne. For over thirty years, her research has focused on global risk assessment and crisis management. She has authored seven books and more than 150 academic publications on risk diagnostics and crisis management tools. She serves on the Board of Directors of the International Association for Public Management and on the editorial boards of Gestion et Management Public and the Korean Journal of Policy Studies. Her current work explores decision-making, risk perception, and the anticipation of the unlikely, particularly in the areas of environment, security, defense, and public education. She views risk as a dual concept combining both opportunities and vulnerabilities, and argues that decision-makers' responses to risk depend on their individual perceptions and representations. She emphasizes understanding context and stakeholders before applying risk management tools and is the originator of the concept of "senselistening." As a professor of Management, she collaborates closely with managers across various industries, bridging academic insights with practical applications.

Raphaël De Vittoris 是法國克萊蒙商學院（Clermont School of Business）的策略、組織、危機與風險管理副教授，以及克萊蒙研究管理中心（Clermont Research-Management, CLERMA）的研究員，專注於危機情境中的地緣政治與行為分析。擁有超過十年的研究經驗，他的研究重點在於不確定性下的決策、組織韌性和風險預測，強調在關鍵情況下的認知偏誤和群體動態。他在管理科學領域獲得的博士學位，指導教授為Sophie Cros，研究主題為米其林集團的危機小組管理績效，這對他在意義建構和決策質量方面的工作產生了深遠影響。他的研究已在學術期刊上發表，並出版了三本書，探討危機管理、韌性和反脆弱性之間的交集，特別關注不確定性下的決策的心理認知方面。除了學術生涯外，他還擔任過關鍵的企業職位，包括Symbio的集團風險與危機總監（2023-2025）和米其林的集團危機管理總監（2015-2023）。這些實務經驗使他在理論與實踐之間架起橋樑，並強調在風險與危機管理中情境適應的重要性。他最近的工作強調教學創新（嚴肅遊戲、模擬）和危機團隊中的個性特徵分析。

Sophie Cros 是巴黎1號潘提翁-索邦大學索邦管理學院的公共管理專業管理科學教授，以及PRISM-索邦的研究員。她的研究已持續超過三十年，專注於全球風險評估和危機管理。她著有七本書和超過150篇關於風險診斷和危機管理工具的學術出版物。她擔任國際公共管理協會的董事會成員，以及《Gestion et Management Public》和《Korean Journal of Policy Studies》的編輯委員會成員。她目前的研究探討決策、風險感知和對不太可能事件的預測，特別是在環境、安全、國防和公共教育等領域。她將風險視為一個雙重概念，結合了機會和脆弱性，並主張決策者對風險的反應取決於他們的個人感知和表徵。她強調在應用風險管理工具之前，必須理解情境和利益相關者，並且是「senselistening」概念的創始人。作為管理學教授，她與各行各業的經理密切合作，將學術見解與實務應用相結合。