物聯網與智慧醫療

物聯網是新一代信息網絡技術的高度集成和綜合運用。大力推進物聯網技術，進而實現智慧醫療發展目標，是本書要闡述的內容。全書共分12 章。第1 章介紹了醫學信息學基礎。第2 章和第3 章介紹了物聯網在醫療衛生領域涉及的主要技術及基礎設施。第4 章介紹了物聯網在醫院信息化建設中的應用。第5 章重點介紹了物聯網與智慧化臨床管理。第6 章介紹了物聯網在醫院管理中的應用。第7 章介紹了物聯網在中醫現代化中的應用。第8 章和第9 章講述了物聯網與公共衛生，以及物聯網在醫療質量安全管理方面的應用。第10 章介紹了物聯網在醫院環境管理，如樓宇智能控制、智慧型手術室等方面的應用。第11 章講述了物聯網在醫院物流，如藥品流通、設備管理等方面的應用。第12 章為結語。本書從基礎理論到技術應用，從醫療實踐到流程優化，內容翔實，全面系統，可以作為醫院管理者、醫生和醫技人員、研發部門、企業院校、軟硬件開發人員，以及醫療設備生產使用的參考書。

第１章 醫學信息學基礎 .............................................................................. 001
1.1 醫學信息學的基本理論 ················································.001
1.1.1 醫學信息學的內涵 ··············································.001
1.1.2 醫學信息學的研究內容 ········································.002
1.2 醫院信息系統 ····························································.003
1.2.1 概念 ································································.003
1.2.2 功能劃分 ··························································.004
1.2.3 社區衛生服務信息系統 ········································.007
1.2.4 電子病歷 ··························································.009
1.3 健康檔案概述 ····························································.010
1.3.1 健康檔案管理信息系統 ········································.011
1.3.2 健康信息的採集 ·················································.011
1.3.3 健康檔案管理信息系統的建立和管理 ······················.013
1.4 健康信息的共享與發展 ················································.015
第２章 物聯網在醫療衛生領域應用涉及的主要技術 ............................ 018
2.1 通信技術 ··································································.018
2.1.1 ZigBee 技術 ·······················································.018
2.1.2 WiFi 技術 ·························································.022
2.1.3 5G 通信技術 ······················································.023
2.1.4 藍牙技術 ··························································.024
2.2 識別技術 ··································································.026
2.2.1 條碼技術 ··························································.026
2.2.2 RFID 技術 ·························································.028
2.3 傳感技術 ··································································.030
2.4 信息處理技術 ····························································.031
2.5 醫院實施應用 ····························································.032
第３章 物聯網在醫療衛生領域的應用基礎設施 ................................... 034
3.1 概述 ········································································.034
3.2 物聯網的系統構成 ······················································.035
3.2.1 DCM 架構 ·························································.035
3.2.2 醫療衛生領域的物聯網DCM 關系 ··························.035
3.3 感知層 ·····································································.036
3.3.1 RFID 單元和感知設備 ··········································.036
3.3.2 智能卡 ·····························································.037
3.3.3 傳感識別和傳感網 ··············································.038
3.3.4 RTLS ·······························································.040
3.3.5 激光掃描識別單元和感知設備 ·······························.040
3.4 通信網絡層 ·······························································.041
3.4.1 有線通信網絡 ····················································.041
3.4.2 無線通信網絡 ····················································.042
3.4.3 網絡平臺 ··························································.042
3.5 應用管理層 ·······························································.044
3.5.1 中間件 ·····························································.044
3.5.2 數據管理和雲計算 ··············································.045
3.5.3 系統集成 ··························································.045
3.6 公共技術 ··································································.046
3.6.1 標識與解析技術 ·················································.046
3.6.2 安全技術（認證與加密） ·····································.047
3.6.3 網絡管理和服務質量管理 ·····································.047
第４章 物聯網與醫院信息化建設 ........................................................ 049
4.1 概述 ········································································.049
4.2 醫院物聯網技術建設發展現狀········································.050
4.3 物聯網是醫院信息化建設的基礎平臺 ·······························.051
4.4 物聯網在醫院信息系統的應用········································.052
4.4.1 門（急）診管理系統 ···········································.052
4.4.2 住院管理系統 ····················································.052
4.4.3 醫技管理系統 ····················································.053
4.4.4 檢驗信息管理系統 ··············································.053
4.4.5 血庫管理系統 ····················································.054
4.4.6 臨床信息系統 ····················································.055
4.4.7 護理信息系統 ····················································.055
4.4.8 遠程手術、麻醉信息管理系統 ·······························.056
4.4.9 病案管理系統和移動電子病歷系統 ·························.057
4.4.10 重症或重點患者管理系統 ····································.057
4.5 物聯網在智慧醫療中的業務應用 ·····································.058
4.5.1 掛號分診排隊叫號系統 ········································.058
4.5.2 臨床呼叫系統 ····················································.058
4.5.3 手術示教系統 ····················································.059
4.5.4 ICU 病房探視系統 ··············································.059
4.5.5 遠程醫療系統 ····················································.060
4.5.6 遠程會診 ··························································.060
4.5.7 遠程醫療咨詢 ····················································.061
4.5.8 遠程手術 ··························································.061
4.5.9 遠程聽診 ··························································.061
4.5.10 智能專家系統 ···················································.062
4.6 物聯網在醫院運營管理信息化中的應用 ····························.063
4.6.1 設備管理系統 ····················································.063
4.6.2 物資、材料管理系統 ···········································.064
4.6.3 醫學文獻管理系統 ··············································.064
4.7 綜合布線系統 ····························································.065
4.7.1 機房工程系統 ····················································.065
4.7.2 無線網絡覆蓋系統 ··············································.066
4.7.3 門禁屏障系統 ····················································.066
4.7.4 安全防範系統 ····················································.067
第5 章 物聯網與智慧化臨床管理 ........................................................ 068
5.1 概述 ········································································.068
5.2 智能化電子病歷 ·························································.069
5.3 智慧化臨床路徑管理 ···················································.070
5.4 可穿戴設備、機器人、人工智能在臨床治療中的應用 ·············.071
5.5 RFID 在門（急）診管理系統中的應用 ·····························.072
5.5.1 門（急）診就診管理系統的運行現狀 ······················.072
5.5.2 物聯網技術的應用目標 ········································.072
5.5.3 工作流程優化 ····················································.073
5.5.4 技術分析 ··························································.073
5.6 RFID 在患者管理系統中的應用 ······································.074
5.6.1 技術應用目標 ····················································.074
5.6.2 系統功能 ··························································.074
5.7 RFID 在嬰兒防盜系統上的應用 ······································.075
5.7.1 系統組成 ··························································.075
5.7.2 系統實現 ··························································.076
5.7.3 工作流程 ··························································.076
5.8 重點患者監護及定位系統 ·············································.077
5.8.1 應用目標 ··························································.077
5.8.2 系統原理 ··························································.077
5.8.3 系統組成 ··························································.078
5.8.4 系統功能 ··························································.078
第6 章 物聯網在醫院管理中的應用 .................................................... 079
6.1 概述 ········································································.079
6.1.1 現狀與問題 ·······················································.079
6.1.2 醫院資產管理 ····················································.080
6.1.3 血液管理 ··························································.081
6.1.4 醫療廢物管理 ····················································.082
6.1.5 醫院消毒物品管理 ··············································.083
6.1.6 其他應用 ··························································.084
6.2 物聯網在員工管理領域的應用········································.085
6.2.1 概述 ································································.085
6.2.2 基於物聯網技術的醫院一卡通技術 ·························.086
6.2.3 門禁管理 ··························································.091
6.2.4 重要患者管理應用 ··············································.091
6.3 全院移動設備定位和監控系統········································.092
6.4 消毒供應中心監控系統 ················································.093
6.5 門禁系統 ··································································.095
6.6 辦公區域安全管理系統 ················································.096
6.6.1 系統介紹 ··························································.096
6.6.2 系統控制 ··························································.096
6.6.3 系統功能 ··························································.096
第7 章 物聯網與中醫現代化 ............................................................... 098
7.1 概述 ········································································.098
7.2 物聯網在中醫現代化中的應用········································.099
7.2.1 物聯網感知中藥材追溯 ········································.099
7.2.2 物聯網在中醫把脈中的應用 ··································.099
7.2.3 基於物聯網的中醫臨床科研信息系統 ······················.101
7.2.4 基於物聯網技術的煎藥室質量管理系統 ···················.103
7.2.5 基於物聯網的中醫古籍管理 ··································.104
第8 章 物聯網與公共衛生 .................................................................. 106
8.1 概述 ········································································.106
8.2 疫情管理與急性傳染病患者監測 ·····································.107
8.3 防疫場所的智能識別、檢測及自動消殺處理 ······················.108
8.4 建立公共衛生智慧管理系統平臺 ·····································.108
第9 章 物聯網在醫療質量安全管理方面的應用 .................................. 110
9.1 概述 ········································································.110
9.2 醫療急救管理 ····························································.110
9.3 血液信息管理 ····························································.111
9.4 移動門診輸液管理系統 ················································.113
9.5 生命體徵動態監測系統 ················································.115
9.6 新生兒防盜與母嬰配對管理系統 ·····································.117
9.7 移動臨床護理系統 ······················································.118
9.8 藥品的監控管理 ·························································.120
9.9 臨床醫療護理管理 ······················································.121
9.10 住院患者行蹤定位及報警系統 ······································.124
9.11 其他應用 ·································································.125
第10 章 物聯網與醫院環境 ................................................................ 127
10.1 概述 ·······································································.127
10.2 樓宇智能控制與能源管理 ············································.128
10.2.1 樓宇自控系統的功能 ··········································.128
10.2.2 樓宇自控系統的設計 ··········································.129
10.3 醫院數字化供電設備管理 ············································.133
10.4 醫院及病房溫控系統 ··················································.134
10.5 醫院涉密資產出入管理 ···············································.134
10.6 醫院智慧消防平臺 ·····················································.135
10.7 防盜報警系統 ···························································.135
10.8 電梯遠程監控系統 ·····················································.137
10.9 電話遙控系統 ···························································.138
10.10 醫院安全監控 ·························································.139
10.10.1 醫院監控的必要性 ···········································.139
10.10.2 基本設計思想 ·················································.140
10.10.3 視頻監控組成 ·················································.141
10.11 智慧型手術室 ··························································.146
10.11.1 手術室簡介 ····················································.146
10.11.2 手術室基本要求 ··············································.146
10.11.3 基於物聯網的智慧手術室 ··································.147
10.12 智能停車場管理系統 ················································.149
10.12.1 車位引導系統 ·················································.150
10.12.2 系統工作流程 ·················································.151
10.13 應急管理 ·······························································.153
10.13.1 應急照明 ·······················································.153
10.13.2 應急照明的設計 ··············································.154
10.13.3 智能應急照明 ·················································.154
10.13.4 應急廣播 ·······················································.155
10.14 智能病房 ·······························································.156
第11 章 物聯網與醫院物流 ........................................................................ 157
11.1 國外醫院物流發展現狀 ···············································.157
11.2 國內醫院物流發展現狀 ···············································.158
11.3 物聯網技術與醫院物流 ···············································.159
11.3.1 醫院物流系統基本結構 ·······································.159
11.3.2 物聯網技術在藥品流通中的應用 ···························.160
11.3.3 物聯網技術在設備管理中的應用 ···························.162
11.3.4 物聯網技術在醫用耗材管理中的應用 ·····················.164
11.3.5 物聯網技術在標本管理中的應用 ···························.166
第12章 結語 ......................................................................... 169