Altium Designer 21電路設計項目教程

目 錄
項目1 電子電路設計準備工作··········································································1
任務1.1 認識PCB····················································································4
1.1.1 PCB 的組成··············································································4
1.1.2 PCB 的種類及材料·····································································6
1.1.3 PCB 的設計流程········································································8
任務1.2 認識與安裝Altium Designer 21 ························································9
1.2.1 認識Altium Designer 21····························································.10
1.2.2 安裝Altium Designer 21····························································.11
任務1.3 設置Altium Designer 21 的系統參數···············································.14
1.3.1 Altium Designer 21 主界面·························································.15
1.3.2 Altium Designer 21 系統配置要求················································.16
任務1.4 導出Altium Designer 21 文件························································.17
項目2 直流穩壓電源PCB設計······································································28
任務2.1 設置原理圖環境········································································.32
2.1.1 創建PCB項目和原理圖文件·····················································.32
2.1.2 設置原理圖圖紙屬性································································.35
2.1.3 實踐案例：創建直流穩壓電源原理圖環境····································.36
2.1.4 學生職業技能訓練···································································.37
任務2.2 制作原理圖元器件·····································································.40
2.2.1 原理圖元器件的制作方法與步驟················································.41
2.2.2 學生職業技能訓練···································································.45
任務2.3 繪制與設計直流穩壓電源原理圖···················································.48
2.3.1 原理圖繪制的基本操作·····························································.49
2.3.2 實踐案例：繪制直流穩壓電源原理圖··········································.50
2.3.3 學生職業技能訓練···································································.50
任務2.4 ERC及生成網絡表····································································.53
2.4.1 原理圖ERC···········································································.54
2.4.2 網絡表的基本操作···································································.55
2.4.3 實踐案例：設置ERC規則與生成網絡表······································.56
2.4.4 學生職業技能訓練···································································.58
任務2.5 設置PCB環境··········································································.62
2.5.1 PCB 環境參數設置··································································.63
2.5.2 PCB 層的顏色設置··································································.71
2.5.3 布線層的管理·········································································.72
2.5.4 規劃電路板············································································.72
2.5.5 載入網絡表············································································.74
2.5.6 元器件布線············································································.75
2.5.7 布線規則的設置······································································.75
2.5.8 實踐案例：設置PCB環境························································.80
2.5.9 學生職業技能訓練···································································.81
任務2.6 PCB庫操作··············································································.85
2.6.1 PCB 庫編輯器的基本操作·························································.86
2.6.2 實踐案例：創建PCB庫，新增元器件封裝···································.87
2.6.3 學生職業技能訓練···································································.91
任務2.7 PCB布局·················································································.94
2.7.1 PCB 布局應遵循的原則····························································.95
2.7.2 PCB 規劃··············································································.96
2.7.3 加載網絡表及元器件································································.97
2.7.4 PCB 布局技巧········································································.97
2.7.5 實踐案例：直流穩壓電源的PCB布局·········································.97
2.7.6 學生職業技能訓練···································································.98
任務2.8 PCB布線·················································································101
2.8.1 PCB 布線規則設置流程····························································102
2.8.2 設計規則···············································································106
2.8.3 直流穩壓電源的PCB布線························································106
2.8.4 在線DRC··············································································107
2.8.5 實踐案例：直流穩壓電源的PCB布線·········································108
2.8.6 學生職業技能訓練···································································108
項目3 L298N電機驅動電路板設計······························································.119
任務3.1 L298N 電機驅動········································································122
3.1.1 L298N 電機驅動芯片概述·························································122
3.1.2 L298N 電機驅動的結構與工作原理·············································123
任務3.2 L298N 電機驅動PCB設計 ··························································125
3.2.1 L298N 電機驅動PCB設計流程··················································126
3.2.2 元器件選型············································································126
3.2.3 項目文件的建立······································································127
3.2.4 PCB封裝的制作·····································································133
3.2.5 PCB的導入、布局與布線·························································135
3.2.6 生產文件輸出·········································································140
任務3.3 L298N電機驅動電路的測試與調試················································142
3.3.1 電路板焊接與硬件測試·····························································143
3.3.2 電機驅動測試·········································································144
3.3.3 典型故障分析與排查································································145
項目4 STM32功能板設計···········································································153
任務4.1 STM32功能板原理圖設計與PCB設計準備·····································155
4.1.1 STM32功能板········································································155
4.1.2 PCB設計準備········································································157
任務4.2 STM32功能板PCB布局·····························································164
4.2.1 加載網絡表和元器件封裝·························································165
4.2.2 PCB模塊化布局·····································································168
4.2.3 PCB網絡類的創建與使用·························································170
任務4.3 PCB布線與優化········································································173
4.3.1 自動布線規則設置···································································174
4.3.2 元器件預布線·········································································178
4.3.3 自動布線···············································································179
4.3.4 手動布線調整·········································································182
4.3.5 PCB優化··············································································185
任務4.4 DRC與生產文件輸出·································································189
4.4.1 PCB設計規則檢查與錯誤排查···················································190
4.4.2 生產文件輸出·········································································192
任務4.5 STM32最小系統PCB設計··························································196
4.5.1 實訓目的···············································································196
4.5.2 實訓內容···············································································196
項目5 智能藍牙音箱的設計與制作································································206
任務5.1 藍牙音箱設計原理·····································································209
5.1.1 智能藍牙音箱簡介···································································209
5.1.2 智能藍牙音箱的結構································································210
5.1.3 元器件選型············································································210
5.1.4 電路設計···············································································212
任務5.2 PCB設計準備···········································································214
5.2.1 各類文件的創建······································································215
5.2.2 原理圖庫元器件的創建·····························································215
5.2.3 原理圖的繪制·········································································217
任務5.3 核心元器件PCB封裝設計與PCB設計··········································219
5.3.1 核心元器件PCB封裝設計························································220
5.3.2 PCB封裝導入········································································222
5.3.3 PCB布局··············································································224
5.3.4 PCB規則設置········································································225
5.3.5 PCB布線··············································································227
5.3.6 DRC····················································································227
5.3.7 淚滴設計···············································································228
5.3.8 鋪銅設計···············································································228
任務5.4 生產文件輸出與智能藍牙音箱組裝················································231
5.4.1 生產文件輸出·········································································231
5.4.2 電路板制作與焊接···································································233
5.4.3 智能藍牙音箱組裝與測試·························································234
項目6 PCB設計工程師職業技能認證····························································244
任務6.1 掌握PCB設計工程師職業技能認證規範·········································247
6.1.1 考試大綱要點·········································································247
6.1.2 考試文件管理·········································································249
6.1.3 評分細則應用·········································································250
任務6.2 實現PCB設計認證樣題解析························································253
6.2.1 認證知識要求·········································································253
6.2.2 認證技能要求·········································································254
6.2.3 實際能力要求·········································································254
6.2.4 認證內容要求·········································································254
6.2.5 PCB設計工程師技能鑒定樣題···················································255
任務6.3 完成PCB設計綜合實訓······························································260
6.3.1 設計原理圖庫元器件································································261
6.3.2 設計PCB庫封裝····································································263
6.3.3 實現原理圖與PCB設計···························································264