智能醫學概論（通識版）

第1 篇章 智能技術篇
第1 章 智慧醫療與智能技術概述 ·····································································.2
1.1 智慧醫療概述 ····················································································.2
1.1.1 智慧醫療的定義與發展 ..................................................................................... 2
1.1.2 智慧醫療的核心組成部分 ................................................................................. 3
1.1.3 智慧醫療的主要特征 ......................................................................................... 5
1.2 智能科學技術在醫療領域的應用 ····························································.7
1.2.1 智能傳感技術與智能醫學 ................................................................................. 7
1.2.2 智能控制技術與智能醫學 ............................................................................... 10
1.2.3 物聯網與遠程醫療 ........................................................................................... 13
1.2.4 3D 打印技術與智能康復 ................................................................................. 16
1.2.5 腦機接口技術與醫療輔助機器人 ................................................................... 20
1.3 智能技術推動的醫療模式變革 ·····························································.22
1.3.1 區域醫療服務能力升級 ................................................................................... 22
1.3.2 醫共體高效聯動 ............................................................................................... 22
1.3.3 醫聯體資源下沈 ............................................................................................... 23
第2 章 數字醫院與互聯網醫療 ······································································.24
2.1 遠程醫療 ························································································.24
2.1.1 遠程醫療核心服務模式 ................................................................................... 25
2.1.2 典型應用場景 ................................................................................................... 26
2.2 互聯網醫療 ·····················································································.26
2.2.1 互聯網醫療的概念 ........................................................................................... 27
2.2.2 互聯網醫療的服務生態 ................................................................................... 28
2.3 數字醫院 ························································································.30
2.3.1 數字醫院的核心技術支撐 ............................................................................... 30
2.3.2 數字醫院的應用 ............................................................................................... 33
第3 章 醫療機器人與具身智能 ······································································.35
3.1 醫療機器人 ·····················································································.35
3.1.1 醫療機器人的概念及發展 ............................................................................... 35
3.1.2 醫療機器人的分類及典型應用 ....................................................................... 37
3.2 具身智能 ························································································.44
3.2.1 具身智能的概念及發展 ................................................................................... 44
3.2.2 具身智能的核心模塊 ....................................................................................... 46
3.2.3 具身智能在醫療健康領域的應用 ................................................................... 47
第2 篇章 醫學人工智能篇
第4 章 人工智能技術及其醫學應用 ································································.52
4.1 人工智能的基本定義 ·········································································.52
4.1.1 人工智能的起源及定義 ................................................................................... 52
4.1.2 人工智能的發展歷史 ....................................................................................... 53
4.1.3 人工智能的三種主要研究方法 ....................................................................... 56
4.2 人工智能的關鍵技術 ·········································································.57
4.2.1 機器學習概述 ................................................................................................... 57
4.2.2 深度學習概述 ................................................................................................... 58
4.2.3 計算機視覺概述 ............................................................................................... 59
4.2.4 大語言模型概述 ............................................................................................... 60
4.3 人工智能在醫學中的應用 ···································································.61
4.3.1 人工智能在醫療診斷中的應用 ....................................................................... 61
4.3.2 人工智能在治療與康復中的應用 ................................................................... 62
4.3.3 人工智能在健康管理中的應用 ....................................................................... 62
4.3.4 人工智能在醫藥研發中的應用 ....................................................................... 63
4.3.5 人工智能在醫療研究中的應用 ....................................................................... 64
本章小結 ·······························································································.67
第5 章 智能醫學影像 ···················································································.68
5.1 智能醫學影像概述 ············································································.68
5.1.1 醫學影像簡介 ................................................................................................... 68
5.1.2 智能醫學影像的背景與定義 ........................................................................... 70
5.1.3 智能醫學影像的發展歷程 ............................................................................... 71
5.2 智能醫學影像算法基礎與應用 ·····························································.72
5.2.1 智能醫學影像算法基礎 ................................................................................... 72
5.2.2 人工智能在醫學影像中的應用 ....................................................................... 74
5.2.3 智能醫學影像臨床應用產品 ........................................................................... 78
5.3 智能醫學影像數據質控與數據分享 ······················································.82
5.3.1 醫學影像數據質控 ........................................................................................... 82
5.3.2 醫學影像數據共享 ........................................................................................... 84
第6 章 智能語音技術醫療應用 ······································································.88
6.1 智能語音概述 ··················································································.88
6.1.1 智能語音的概念 ............................................................................................... 88
6.1.2 智能語音識別技術 ........................................................................................... 89
6.1.3 智能語音合成技術 ........................................................................................... 93
6.1.4 自然語言處理技術 ........................................................................................... 97
6.2 智能語音技術在醫療領域的應用 ·························································.100
6.2.1 智能語音導診 ................................................................................................. 101
6.2.2 智能語音電子病歷 ......................................................................................... 101
6.2.3 智能語音問診 ................................................................................................. 102
6.3 實踐項目——大話千言：語言模型的新奇對話 ······································.103
6.3.1 需求分析 ......................................................................................................... 103
6.3.2 項目目標 ......................................................................................................... 103
6.3.3 智能語音項目的實現與測試 ......................................................................... 103
本章小結 ······························································································.105
第7 章 智能健康管理 ·················································································.106
7.1 智能健康管理概述 ···········································································.106
7.1.1 健康管理 ......................................................................................................... 106
7.1.2 智能健康管理的定義與核心要素 ................................................................. 108
7.1.3 智能健康管理需求 ......................................................................................... 108
7.2 智能健康管理流程 ···········································································.109
7.2.1 智能健康管理的主要類型 ............................................................................. 109
7.2.2 智能健康管理的主要關鍵流程 ..................................................................... 112
7.3 智能健康管理應用 ···········································································.115
7.3.1 個性化健康計劃 ............................................................................................. 115
7.3.2 構建慢性病防控工作機制 ............................................................................. 116
7.3.3 社區康養 ......................................................................................................... 116
7.4 智能健康管理實踐項目——定制個人健康計劃 ······································.117
7.4.1 項目簡介 ......................................................................................................... 117
7.4.2 關鍵技術簡介 ................................................................................................. 118
7.4.3 系統部署與使用 ............................................................................................. 118
7.4.4 項目擴展 ......................................................................................................... 120
本章小結 ······························································································.121
第3 篇章 醫學虛擬現實篇
第8 章 虛擬現實與增強現實技術基礎 ···························································.124
8.1 虛擬現實技術概述 ···········································································.124
8.1.1 虛擬現實技術的定義與發展歷程 ................................................................. 124
8.1.2 虛擬現實技術的核心要素 ............................................................................. 125
8.1.3 虛擬現實系統的組成 ..................................................................................... 130
8.2 增強現實技術 ·················································································.134
8.2.1 增強現實的概念 ............................................................................................. 134
8.2.2 增強現實的特點 ............................................................................................. 135
8.2.3 增強現實的實現 ............................................................................................. 135
8.3 虛擬現實與增強現實技術在醫學中的應用 ············································.138
8.3.1 虛擬現實技術醫學應用的典型案例 ............................................................. 138
8.3.2 增強現實技術醫學應用的典型案例 ............................................................. 140
8.4 醫學元宇宙 ····················································································.141
8.4.1 醫學元宇宙的概念 ......................................................................................... 141
8.4.2 醫學元宇宙的應用 ......................................................................................... 141
本章小結 ······························································································.142
第9 章 VR 全景技術 ··················································································.143
9.1 VR 全景技術的原理 ·········································································.144
9.1.1 全景圖像采集 ................................................................................................. 145
9.1.2 全景圖像拼接 ................................................................................................. 146
9.1.3 VR 全景交互設計........................................................................................... 149
9.2 醫學VR 全景應用 ···········································································.151
9.2.1 手術室VR 全景直播概述 ............................................................................. 151
9.2.2 醫院VR 全景 .................................................................................................. 154
9.3 手術室VR 全景圖拼接案例 ·······························································.156
9.4 醫院VR 全景漫遊案例 ·····································································.160
第10 章 三維建模技術 ···············································································.165
10.1 三維建模基礎 ···············································································.165
10.1.1 三維建模的概念與原理 ............................................................................... 165
10.1.2 常用三維建模軟件介紹 ............................................................................... 166
10.2 醫學三維建模方法 ·········································································.168
10.2.1 生物組織的精確建模 ................................................................................... 168
10.2.2 基於CT/MRI 數據的三維重建 ................................................................... 170
10.3 三維模型在醫學中的應用實例 ··························································.172
10.3.1 手術規劃與模擬 ........................................................................................... 172
10.3.2 醫學教學模型 ............................................................................................... 174
本章小結 ······························································································.180
第11 章 虛擬數字人技術 ············································································.182
11.1 虛擬數字人概述 ············································································.182
11.1.1 虛擬數字人的概念 ....................................................................................... 182
11.1.2 虛擬數字人的發展歷程 ............................................................................... 183
11.1.3 虛擬數字人的分類 ....................................................................................... 187
11.2 醫學虛擬數字人的構建 ···································································.187
11.2.1 數據獲取階段 ............................................................................................... 188
11.2.2 模型構建階段 ............................................................................................... 189
11.2.3 運動與交互模擬階段 ................................................................................... 190
11.2.4 系統整合與優化階段 ................................................................................... 191
11.3 虛擬數字人在醫學中的應用 ·····························································.191
11.3.1 藥物設計與療效評估 ................................................................................... 192
11.3.2 個性化醫療方案制定 ................................................................................... 193
11.3.3 醫學教學與培訓 ........................................................................................... 193
本章小結 ······························································································.199
第4 篇章 應用與倫理篇
第12 章 智能醫學應用案例 ·········································································.202
12.1 智能醫學基礎應用案例 ···································································.202
12.1.1 案例1：基於深度學習的智能手語識別與轉換系統 ................................ 202
12.1.2 案例2：基於深度學習的醫學影像檢測系統 ............................................ 209
12.1.3 案例3：基於人工智能的患者疾病風驗評估系統 .................................... 220
12.2 智能醫學綜合應用案例 ···································································.232
12.2.1 虛擬康復訓練平臺 ....................................................................................... 232
第13 章 智能醫學素養與倫理 ······································································.237
13.1 智能醫學與數字素養 ······································································.237
13.1.1 數字素養的內涵 ........................................................................................... 237
13.1.2 國內外數字素養研究 ................................................................................... 239
13.1.3 數字素養引領醫療行業變革 ....................................................................... 245
13.1.4 醫學生的數字素養特性及培養路徑 ........................................................... 246
13.2 智能醫學倫理概述 ·········································································.248
13.2.1 醫學倫理 ....................................................................................................... 248
13.2.2 工程倫理 ....................................................................................................... 250
13.2.3 學科交叉的智能醫學倫理 ........................................................................... 251
13.3 智能醫學倫理中的關鍵問題剖析 ·······················································.253
13.3.1 數據隱私與安全問題 ................................................................................... 253
13.3.2 智能決策中的責任歸屬問題 ....................................................................... 253
13.3.3 算法的公平性、公正性及透明度 ............................................................... 254
13.3.4 醫患關系的新變化 ....................................................................................... 255
13.4 智能醫學倫理風險的應對策略 ··························································.256
13.4.1 構建倫理導向的技術治理體系 ................................................................... 256
13.4.2 堅守科技倫理的價值導向 ........................................................................... 256
13.4.3 提升公眾倫理道德修養的教育引導 ........................................................... 257
13.4.4 完善醫療人工智能的法律監管框架 ........................................................... 258