人工智能通識教程

第 1 章 人工智能概述 ·······································································1
1.1 人工智能簡介····················································································1
1.1.1 人工智能的定義和發展歷史 ························································1
1.1.2 人工智能的基本原理 ·································································2
1.1.3 人工智能的倫理及社會影響 ························································4
1.2 人工智能大模型的技術要點及發展現狀 ··················································4
1.2.1 人工智能大模型的技術要點 ························································5
1.2.2 人工智能大模型的發展現狀 ························································5
1.3 應用領域··························································································6
1.3.1 計算機視覺··············································································6
1.3.2 自然語言處理···········································································8
1.3.3 智能機器人··············································································9
1.4 習題·······························································································11
第 2 章 人工智能程序設計語言 ·························································12
2.1 計算機編程語言概述··········································································12
2.1.1 計算機編程語言的發展歷程 ·······················································12
2.1.2 不同編程語言的特點及適用場景 ·················································15
2.2 Python 與人工智能 ············································································18
2.2.1 Python 語言簡介 ······································································18
2.2.2 Python 主要深度學習框架及 AI 相關庫··········································20
2.3 Python 編程環境搭建及 Python IDE 的使用··············································23
2.3.1 Python 編程環境搭建 ································································23
2.3.2 Python IDE 的安裝與使用···························································25
2.4 習題·······························································································26
第 3 章 程序設計中的 Python 編程基礎 ···············································27
3.1 Python 基礎知識···············································································27
3.1.1 編寫第一個 Python 程序····························································27
3.1.2 數字、字符串、列表、元組、字典、集合·····································33
3.2 Python 中的函數、模塊與流程控制·······················································37
3.2.1 函數·····················································································37
3.2.2 模塊·····················································································40
3.2.3 流程控制語句·········································································42
3.3 Python 面向對象編程·········································································44
3.3.1 類與對象···············································································44
3.3.2 封裝·····················································································45
3.3.3 繼承·····················································································46
3.3.4 多態·····················································································47
3.4 文件操作························································································48
3.4.1 文件路徑···············································································49
3.4.2 文件讀寫···············································································50
3.5 習題······························································································51
第 4 章 機器學習概述 ·····································································53
4.1 機器學習的基礎知識·········································································53
4.1.1 機器學習的基本概念································································53
4.1.2 機器學習的相關任務································································55
4.2 機器學習方法··················································································61
4.2.1 監督學習···············································································61
4.2.2 無監督學習············································································68
4.2.3 半監督學習············································································76
4.3 機器學習領域常用的庫······································································78
4.3.1 NumPy··················································································78
4.3.2 SciPy····················································································81
4.3.3 Pandas ··················································································84
4.3.4 Scikit-learn·············································································86
4.3.5 Matplotlib ··············································································88
4.3.6 OpenCV ················································································90
4.4 習題······························································································92
第 5 章 監督學習 ···········································································93
5.1 監督學習概述··················································································93
5.2 分類模型························································································94
5.2.1 邏輯斯蒂回歸模型···································································94
5.2.2 支持向量機·············································································99
5.2.3 K 最近鄰算法········································································106
5.3 回歸模型·······················································································109
5.3.1 線性回歸模型········································································109
5.3.2 多項式回歸模型·····································································112
5.3.3 決策樹回歸模型·····································································116
5.4 實戰演練·······················································································121
5.5 習題·····························································································125
第 6 章 無監督學習 ·······································································126
6.1 無監督學習概述··············································································126
6.1.1 聚類問題··············································································126
6.1.2 降維問題··············································································127
6.2 聚類模型·······················································································127
6.2.1 K–均值聚類算法····································································127
6.2.2 BRICH 算法··········································································130
6.2.3 DBSCAN 算法·······································································133
6.3 降維模型·······················································································138
6.3.1 主成分分析···········································································138
6.3.2 奇異值分解···········································································140
6.4 實戰演練：DIGITS 數據集聚類 ··························································142
6.5 習題·····························································································145
第 7 章 深度學習 ··········································································147
7.1 前饋神經網絡·················································································147
7.1.1 神經元·················································································147
7.1.2 人工神經網絡········································································149
7.1.3 損失函數··············································································151
7.2 卷積神經網絡·················································································153
7.2.1 卷積層與池化層·····································································153
7.2.2 常見的卷積神經網絡模型 ························································156
7.3 循環神經網絡·················································································157
7.3.1 簡單循環神經網絡··································································157
7.3.2 門控循環神經網絡··································································161
7.3.3 Seq2Seq 模型與註意力機制 ······················································166
7.4 TransFormer···················································································167
7.5 實戰演練·······················································································170
7.6 習題·····························································································179
第 8 章 計算機視覺及應用 ······························································182
8.1 計算機視覺概述··············································································182
8.2 圖像處理基礎·················································································184
8.2.1 數字圖像的表示·····································································184
8.2.2 常見的圖像處理操作·······························································187
8.3 圖像的特征表達··············································································191
8.3.1 傳統特征··············································································191
8.3.2 特征描述子···········································································195
8.3.3 深度特征··············································································198
8.4 目標檢測及分割··············································································200
8.4.1 YOLO 模型···········································································200
8.4.2 U-Net 模型············································································203
8.5 實戰演練·······················································································207
8.6 習題·····························································································211
第 9 章 自然語言處理 ····································································212
9.1 自然語言處理概述···········································································212
9.1.1 自然語言處理的主要難點·························································212
9.1.2 自然語言處理的主要研究內容···················································213
9.2 文本表示·······················································································215
9.2.1 詞的獨熱表示········································································216
9.2.2 詞的分布式表示·····································································218
9.2.3 詞的嵌入表示········································································219
9.3 文本分類及情感分析········································································226
9.3.1 文本分類··············································································226
9.3.2 情感分析··············································································230
9.4 文本生成及機器翻譯········································································238
9.4.1 文本生成··············································································238
9.4.2 機器翻譯··············································································242
9.5 實戰演練·······················································································243
9.6 習題·····························································································249
第 10 章 智能機器人·······································································251
10.1 智能機器人概述 ·············································································251
10.2 感知與地圖構建 ·············································································253
10.2.1 環境感知 ·············································································253
10.2.2 SLAM 建圖 ··········································································255
10.3 路徑規劃技術················································································260
10.3.1 Dijkstra 算法·········································································261
10.3.2 Q-Learning 算法 ····································································263
10.4 智能機器人的交互技術····································································267
10.5 實戰演練······················································································270
10.6 習題····························································································279
第 11 章 人工智能的跨領域應用·······················································280
11.1 智慧醫療······················································································280
11.2 自動駕駛與智能交通·······································································282
11.3 內容創作與生成·············································································283
11.4 智慧教育······················································································284
11.5 智慧工業······················································································285
11.6 實戰演練······················································································286
11.7 習題····························································································296
參考文獻·····························································································297