破局數字化轉型：企業架構+落地故事+AI應用

目錄

技術篇 

第 1 章 企業 IT 管理概述 ··············2 

1.1 IT 定位 ······························· 2 

1.1.1 IT 管理中的困惑 ········· 2 

1.1.2 IT 組織的現狀 ············ 3 

1.1.3 IT 部門的價值 ············ 4 

1.2 IT 組織架構與管理 ················ 6 

1.2.1 常見 IT 部門的組織架構形態 ·········· 6 

1.2.2 IT 部門組織架構詳述 ··· 7 

1.2.3 IT 管理流程 ··············· 8 

1.2.4 IT 知識管理 ··············· 9 

1.3 企業架構管理 ·····················10 

1.3.1 業務架構管理 ···········12 

1.3.2 應用架構管理 ···········24 

1.3.3 技術架構管理 ···········37 

1.3.4 數據架構管理 ···········43 

1.3.5 IT 部門應該如何做規劃 ········43 

1.4 信息安全管理 ··············46 

第 2 章 業務架構管理 ···········48 

2.1 業務流程架構概述 ···············48 

2.1.1 業務流程架構設計的原則 ·············48 

2.1.2 業務流程架構設計 ·····50 

2.2 IPD（集成產品開發） ··········53 

2.2.1 IPD 架構 ··················53 

2.2.2 需求管理 ·················54 

2.2.3 產品開發 ·················57 

2.2.4 生命周期管理 ···········65 

2.2.5 技術規劃 & 技術開發 ··66 

2.3 MTL & LTC（從市場到回款） 68 

2.3.1 MTL & LTC 架構 ·······68 

2.3.2 MTL（從市場到線索） ·············70 

2.3.3 管理線索（從線索到商機 LTO） ·············74 

2.3.4 管理商機（從商機到訂單 OTO） ···········75 

X2.3.5 管理合同執行（從訂單到回款 OTC） ·········76 

2.4 ITR（從問題到解決） ··········77 

2.4.1 ITR 架構 ··················78 

2.4.2 問題與服務請求受理 ··78 

2.4.3 處理分配 ·················79 

2.4.4 制訂解決方案並處理 ··79 

2.4.5 經驗總結與預防 ········80 

2.4.6 根因分析並關閉問題 ··81 

2.5 ISC（集成供應鏈） ··············81 

2.5.1 ISC 架構 ··················82 

2.5.2 計劃 ················83 

2.5.3 采購 ··········86 

2.5.4 生產 ·············87 

2.5.5 配送 ············88 

2.5.6 退貨 ·············89 

2.5.7 供應鏈使能流程 ········91 

2.6 DSTE（從戰略開發到執行） ··91 

2.6.1 DSTE 架構 ···············92 

2.6.2 戰略規劃 ·················93 

2.6.3 戰略解碼 ·················94 

2.6.4 戰略執行與監控 ········95 

2.6.5 戰略評估 ·················96 

2.7 支撐流程 ··············97 

2.7.1 管理人力資源 ···········97 

2.7.2 管理財務 ·················98 

2.7.3 管理基礎支撐 ···········98 

第 3 章 應用架構管理 ···········100 

3.1 應用架構概述 ············ 100 

3.1.1 企業通用應用架構 ··· 100 

3.1.2 企業 IT 系統的規劃建議 ···················· 102 

3.1.3 人員分工 ··············· 103 

3.2 CRM ······························· 103 

3.2.1 營銷管理 ··············· 104 

3.2.2 客戶管理 ··············· 108 

3.2.3 商機管理 ··············· 111 

3.2.4 運營管理 ··············· 116 

3.2.5 服務管理 ··············· 117 

3.2.6 渠道管理 ··············· 119 

3.2.7 系統集成 ··············· 120 

3.3 PLM ······························· 121 

3.3.1 產品基本信息 ········· 124 

3.3.2 產品規劃 ··············· 128 

3.3.3 產品數據管理 ········· 130 

3.3.4 外部集成與數據協同  138 

目 錄 XI3.3.5 變更管理 ··············· 140 

3.3.6 項目管理 ··············· 142 

3.4 供應鏈管理系統 ················ 146 

3.4.1 供應鏈管理系統應用架構 ··········· 147 

3.4.2 需求管理 ··············· 148 

3.4.3 計劃管理 ··············· 151 

3.4.4 采購管理 ··············· 157 

3.4.5 供應商協同 ············ 161 

3.5 財務管理系統 ··················· 166 

3.5.1 會計管理 ··············· 167 

3.5.2 預算管理 ··············· 172 

3.5.3 資金管理 ··············· 177 

3.5.4 稅務管理 ··············· 178 

3.5.5 如何建設財務共享中心 ··········· 180 

3.6 人力資源管理系統 ············· 181 

3.6.1 人力資源管理整體架構 ·············· 181 

3.6.2 人力資源管理模塊集成圖 ················ 181 

3.6.3 建議實施步驟和註意事項 ················ 182 

3.7 統一 Portal ······················· 184 

3.7.1 PC 端 ···················· 184 

3.7.2 移動端 ·················· 185 

第 4 章 數據架構管理 ·········186 

4.1 數據治理體系 ··········· 186 

4.1.1 基於業務流的綜合治理 ·············· 187 

4.1.2 數據架構治理的內容  188 

4.1.3 政策制度設計 ········· 188 

4.1.4 流程與組織設計 ······ 188 

4.1.5 IT 系統承載 ············ 189 

4.2 數據架構建設 ··················· 189 

4.2.1 數據資產目錄 ········· 189 

4.2.2 數據標準 ··············· 193 

4.2.3 數據模型 ··············· 194 

4.2.4 數據分布 ··············· 195 

4.3 數據應用 ························· 196 

4.3.1 數據應用概述 ········· 196 

4.3.2 報表的思路設計 ······ 196 

4.3.3 數據共享 ··············· 198 

4.3.4 數據的 AI 應用場景 ·· 199 

4.4 數據管理的 IT 系統 ············ 200 

4.4.1 數據管理技術 ········· 200 

4.4.2 數據管理系統 ········· 201 

4.5 總結與建議 ······················ 202 

5.1 技術架構概論 ··················· 203 

5.2 IaaS ································ 204 

5.2.1 數據中心 ··············· 205 

5.2.2 網絡設備 ··············· 207 

5.2.3 存儲 ····················· 211 

5.2.4 服務器虛擬化 ········· 214 

5.2.5 容器 ····················· 216 

5.3 PaaS ······························· 218 

5.3.1 負載均衡 ··············· 218 

5.3.2 數據庫 ·················· 219 

5.3.3 基礎辦公平臺 ········· 220 

5.3.4 桌面雲 ·················· 222 

5.3.5 運維自動化 ············ 223 

5.3.6 通用開發平臺 ········· 226 

5.4 總結與建議 ······················ 229 

第 6 章 信息安全管理 ··············231 

6.1 信息安全管理原則 ············· 232 

6.1.1 CIA 三元組 ············· 232 

6.1.2 AAA ····················· 233 

6.2 信息安全管理體系 ············· 233 

6.2.1 信息安全管理制度和流程 ············· 233 

6.2.2 ISO 27001 體系 ········ 236 

6.2.3 組織與職責 ············ 236 

6.3 信息安全管控策略 ············· 238 

6.3.1 數據分級 ··············· 238 

6.3.2 區域劃分 ··············· 238 

6.3.3 保護機制 ··············· 239 

6.3.4 密碼策略 ··············· 240 

6.3.5 變更管理 ··············· 240 

6.4 終端安全管理 ··················· 241 

6.4.1 終端安全策略管理 ··· 241 

6.4.2 操作系統安全管理 ··· 244 

6.5 網絡安全防護 ··················· 245 

6.5.1 威脅類型介紹 ········· 246 

6.5.2 信息安全產品介紹 ··· 250 

6.5.3 防禦體系建設 ········· 252 

6.5.4 網絡安全典型應用場景 ··············· 256 

6.6 數據安全防護 ··················· 258 

6.6.1 數據加密 ··············· 258 

6.6.2 數據備份與恢復 ······ 259 

6.6.3 數據隔離與脫敏 ······ 261 

6.6.4 數據防泄露 ············ 263 

6.6.5 數據傳遞 ··············· 265 

6.7 信息安全運營 ··················· 266 

6.7.1 安全審計與監控 ······ 266 

6.7.2 事件響應與持續改進  267 

6.7.3 漏洞管理 ··············· 268 

6.7.4 宣傳培訓 ··············· 268 

6.7.5 SOC 平臺建設 ········· 269 

6.8 信息安全建議與心得 ·········· 270 

6.8.1 信息安全體系建設（組織、制度、流程） ······ 270 

6.8.2 終端安全管控 ········· 270 

6.8.3 網絡安全之準入 ······ 271 

6.8.4 網絡安全之 Internet 出口 ············ 271 

6.8.5 網絡安全之服務器 ··· 272 

6.8.6 網絡安全之應用 ······ 272 

6.8.7 網絡安全之郵件 ······ 272 

6.8.8 數據安全防護措施 ··· 273 

第 7 章 展望未來——AI 時代的數字化轉型 ············274 

7.1 未來已來 ························· 274 

7.2 AI 能為企業創造核心價值的領域 ·················· 274 

故事篇 

第 8 章 故事從這裏開始 ············278 

8.1 主人公介紹 ······················ 278 

8.2 初入 XD 公司 ··················· 279 

第 9 章 第一次 IT 規劃 ·········280 

9.1 IT 選型制度 ······················ 282 

9.2 網絡必須整改 ··················· 283 

9.3 OA 選型及實施 ················· 285 

9.4 IPD 變革前序 ···················· 288 

9.5 IPD 變革 ·························· 289 

9.5.1 松土培訓 ··············· 289 

9.5.2 現狀診斷 ··············· 290 

9.5.3 IPD 開發主流程 ······· 291 

9.5.4 IPD 支撐流程 ·········· 294 

9.6 IPD 系統實施 ···················· 296 

9.6.1 項目準備 ··············· 296 

9.6.2 PLM 產品與服務商選型 ··········· 298 

9.6.3 PLM 系統實施 ········· 301 

9.7 郵件之殤 ············· 301 

10.1 信息安全 1.0 之體系建立 ···· 305 

10.2 信息安全 1.0 之技術建設 ···· 305 

10.3 CRM 夭折 ······················ 306 

10.3.1 業務梳理 ·············· 306 

10.3.2 項目終止 ·············· 308 

10.4 轟轟烈烈的 ERP 之業務架構梳理 ········ 309 

10.5 轟轟烈烈的 ERP 之系統實施 ········· 310 

10.5.1 項目準備 ·············· 310 

10.5.2 項目啟動 ·············· 311 

10.5.3 項目上線 ·············· 312 

10.6 並購之路 ·············· 313 

10.6.1 系統改造 ·············· 315 

10.6.2 R&D 環境遷移 ······· 317 

10.6.3 基礎架構整合 ········ 319 

第 11 章 第三次 IT 規劃 ··········320 

11.1 黑客來襲 ··········· 321 

11.2 信息安全 2.0 ············· 322 

11.2.1 信息安全 2.0 之重新出發 ········ 322 

11.2.2 信息安全 2.0 之高效運營 ··············· 324 

11.3 LTC 第二季——業務架構揭秘 ············· 326 

11.4 CRM 卷土重來——系統實施的逆風翻盤 ··········· 328 

11.5 未來運維——XD 公司的自動化運維轉型 ······· 329 

第 12 章 第四次 IT 規劃——AI 已來 ············332 

12.1 戰略規劃——DSTE··········· 334 

12.2 戰略落地的抓手——MTL ··· 336 

12.3 全面預算管理之旅 ············ 337 

12.4 數據中臺建設與實踐——AI 輔助決策 ········ 338 

12.5 運營指標自動化監控 ········· 340 

第 13 章 結尾 ·······342 

附錄 A 縮略語 ······343